Severe traumatic brain injury and acute kidney injury patients: factors associated with in-hospital mortality and unfavorable outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the occurrence of AKI, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality and unfavorable outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) severity. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study which analyzed data with severe TBI between 2013 and 2017. We examined demographic and clinical information, and outcome by in-hospital mortality, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale six months after TBI. We associated factors to in-hospital mortality and unfavorable outcome in severe TBI and AKI with an association test. RESULTS: A total of 219 patients were selected, 39.3% had an AKI, and several factors associated with AKI occurrence after severe TBI. Stage 2 or 3 of AKI (OR 12.489; 95% CI = 4.45-37.94) were independent risk for both outcomes in multivariable models, severity injury by the New Trauma Injury Severity Score (OR 0.97; 95% CI = 0.96-0.99) for mortality, and the New Injury Severity Score (OR1.07; 95% CI = 1.04-1.10) and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.965-0.997) for unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study confirmed that AKI severity and severity of injury was also related to increased mortality and unfavorable outcome after severe TBI.

Safety of nursing professionals and patient facing COVID-19 pandemic in critical care unit / Segurança dos profissionais de enfermagem e do paciente frente à pandemia da COVID-19 em unidades críticas / Seguridad de los profesionales de enfermería y del paciente ante la pandemia de COVID-19 en unidades críticas

Abstract Objective: to evaluate nursing professionals and patient safety culture during the professional performance in the care of suspected or infected patients with COVID-19. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with 90 professionals from critical care units of two teaching hospitals. An instrument for sociodemographic characterization and health conditions was used, in addition to the constructs "Nursing professional and patient safety" and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Univariate analyzes were performed between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the characteristics of Nursing professionals, applying Kendell's correlation between the constructs. Results: the COVID-19 diagnosis presented a significant statistical difference between nursing professionals that worked for more than six years at the critical care unit (p=0.020) and the items of the construct "Nursing professional and patient safety" regarding the doubts about how to remove the personal protective equipment (p=0.013) and safety flow (p=0,021). The dimensions 2 (p=0.003), 3 (p=0.009), 4 (p=0.013), 6 (p<0.001), and 9 (p=0.024) of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture were associated with the accomplishment of training. Conclusion: a higher professional nursing experience time was associated with non-infection by COVID-19. The perception of the safety culture of the patient was related to the accomplishment of training.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a segurança dos profissionais de enfermagem e a cultura de segurança do paciente durante a atuação profissional no atendimento de pacientes suspeitos ou com COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 90 profissionais de unidades críticas de dois hospitais-escola. Foi utilizado um instrumento para caracterização sociodemográfica e condições de saúde, além dos constructos "Segurança do profissional e do paciente" e Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Foram realizadas análises univariadas entre o diagnóstico de COVID-19 e as características dos profissionais, aplicando-se a correlação de Kendell entre os constructos. Resultados: o diagnóstico de COVID-19 apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os profissionais que trabalhavam há mais de seis anos na unidade (p=0,020) e os itens do constructo "Segurança do profissional e do paciente" referentes às dúvidas sobre como retirar o equipamento de proteção individual (p=0,013) e fluxo seguro (p=0,021). As dimensões 2 (p=0,003), 3 (p=0,009), 4 (p=0,013), 6 (p<0,001) e 9 (p=0,024) do Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture foram associadas à realização de treinamentos. Conclusão: maior tempo de experiência profissional do profissional de enfermagem esteve associado a não infecção por COVID-19. A percepção de cultura de segurança do paciente esteve relacionada à realização de treinamentos.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar la seguridad de los profesionales de enfermería y la cultura de seguridad del paciente durante su actuación profesional en el cuidado de pacientes sospechosos o con COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 90 profesionales de unidades críticas de dos hospitales universitarios. Se utilizó un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y de condiciones de salud, además de los constructos "Seguridad del profesional y del paciente" y Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Se realizaron análisis univariados entre el diagnóstico de COVID-19 y las características de los profesionales y se aplicó la correlación de Kendell entre los constructos. Resultados: el diagnóstico de COVID-19 mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los profesionales que actuaron por más de seis años en la unidad (p=0,020) y los ítems del constructo "Seguridad del profesional y del paciente" referentes a dudas sobre cómo retirar el Equipo de Protección Personal (p=0,013) y flujo seguro (p=0,021). Las dimensiones 2 (p=0,003), 3 (p=0,009), 4 (p=0,013), 6 (p<0,001) y 9 (p=0,024) del Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture se asociaron a la realización de formación. Conclusión: mayor tiempo de experiencia profesional de enfermería se asoció con la no infección por COVID-19. La percepción de la cultura de seguridad del paciente se relacionó con la realización de entrenamiento.

Are patient volume and care level in teaching hospitals variables affecting clinical outcomes in adult intensive care units?

Teixeira et al. showed that patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in a non-metropolitan region needed more support, had worse prognostic indices, and had a higher nursing workload in the first 24 hours of admission. In addition, worse outcomes, including mortality, need for dialysis, pressure injury, infection, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospital stay, were observed in the teaching hospital. Worse outcomes were more prevalent in the teaching hospital. Understanding the importance of teaching hospitals to implement well-established care protocols is critical. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of teaching (HI) and nonteaching (without an academic affiliation; H2) hospitals. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, adult patients hospitalized between August 2018 and July 2019, with a minimum length of stay of 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were included. Patients with no essential information in their medical records to evaluate the study outcomes were excluded. Resuslts: Overall, 219 patients participated in this study. The clinical and demographic characteristics of patients in H1 and H2 were similar. The most prevalent clinical outcomes were death, need for dialysis, pressure injury, length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation >48 hours, and infection, all of which were more prevalent in the teaching hospital. CONCLUSION: Worse outcomes were more prevalent in the teaching hospital. There was no difference between the institutions concerning the survival rate of patients as a function of length of hospital stay; however, a difference was observed in intensive care unit admissions.

Safety of nursing professionals and patient facing COVID-19 pandemic in critical care unit.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate nursing professionals and patient safety culture during the professional performance in the care of suspected or infected patients with COVID-19. METHOD: a cross-sectional study carried out with 90 professionals from critical care units of two teaching hospitals. An instrument for sociodemographic characterization and health conditions was used, in addition to the constructs "Nursing professional and patient safety" and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Univariate analyzes were performed between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the characteristics of Nursing professionals, applying Kendell's correlation between the constructs. RESULTS: the COVID-19 diagnosis presented a significant statistical difference between nursing professionals that worked for more than six years at the critical care unit (p=0.020) and the items of the construct "Nursing professional and patient safety" regarding the doubts about how to remove the personal protective equipment (p=0.013) and safety flow (p=0,021). The dimensions 2 (p=0.003), 3 (p=0.009), 4 (p=0.013), 6 (p<0.001), and 9 (p=0.024) of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture were associated with the accomplishment of training. CONCLUSION: a higher professional nursing experience time was associated with non-infection by COVID-19. The perception of the safety culture of the patient was related to the accomplishment of training.

Preditores de mortalidade e tempo médio de sobrevivência dos pacientes críticos / Predictores de mortalidad y tiempo promedio de supervivencia de los pacientes críticos / Predictors of mortality and median survival time of critically ill patients

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os preditores de mortalidade e o tempo médio de sobrevivência dos pacientes internados nas unidades de terapias intensivas. Métodos Coorte prospectiva, realizada no período de agosto de 2018 a julho de 2019, em quatro Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de adultos, da rede pública e privada do Estado de Sergipe. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes adultos, desde que possuíssem o tempo de permanência mínima de 24 horas na unidade. O desfecho primário foi o óbito. Os desfechos secundários foram: diálise, lesão por pressão, lesão renal aguda, necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva por mais de 48 horas, infecção e o tempo de internação. Resultados Dos 432 pacientes, houve predomínio de óbito em pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade mais avançada e procedentes da unidade de emergência. A presença de insuficiência cardíaca, valores de creatinina >1,5 mg/dL na admissão, diabetes mellitus, doença hepática e tabagismo também tiveram associação com o desfecho óbito. Quanto aos demais preditores, destacaram-se o maior tempo de internação; maiores escores do Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Simplified Acute Phisiology (SAPS 3) e Nursing Activies Score (NAS), além do uso de noradrenalina. O uso do fentanil foi associado ao aumento do tempo de sobrevida e o tempo médio de sobrevivência geral foi 28 dias. Conclusão Os preditores de mortalidade dos pacientes internados em UTI de Sergipe foram o maior tempo de internação; os maiores escores de SOFA, SAPS-3 e NAS; creatinina >1,5mg/dl na admissão; uso de drogas vasopressoras e a necessidade de diálise.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los predictores de mortalidad y el tiempo promedio de supervivencia de los pacientes internados en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Métodos Cohorte prospectivo, realizado durante el período de agosto de 2018 a julio de 2019, en cuatro Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de adultos, de la red pública y privada del estado de Sergipe. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes adultos, con tiempo de permanencia mínima de 24 horas en la unidad. El criterio principal de valoración fue la defunción. Los criterios secundarios fueron: diálisis, úlcera por presión, lesión renal aguda, necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva durante más de 48 horas, infección y el tiempo de internación. Resultados De los 432 pacientes, hubo un predominio de defunciones en pacientes del sexo masculino, con edad más avanzada y procedentes de la unidad de emergencia. La presencia de insuficiencia cardíaca, valores de creatinina >1,5 mg/dL en la admisión, diabetes mellitus, enfermedad hepática y tabaquismo también estuvieron asociados con el desenlace de defunción. Con relación a los demás predictores, se destacaron el mayor tiempo de internación; mayores puntuaciones del Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Simplified Acute Phisiology (SAPS 3) y Nursing Activies Score (NAS), además del uso de noradrenalina. El uso de fentanilo estuvo asociado con el aumento del tiempo de sobrevida y el tiempo promedio de supervivencia general fue de 28 días. Conclusión Los predictores de mortalidad de los pacientes internados en una UCI de Sergipe fueron: el mayor tiempo de internación; los puntajes más altos de SOFA, SAPS-3 y de NAS; creatinina >1,5mg/dl en la admisión; uso de drogas vasoactivas y la necesidad de diálisis.

Abstract Objective To analyze the predictors of mortality and the average survival time of patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units. Methods This is a prospective cohort, carried out from August 2018 to July 2019, in four adult Intensive Care Units (ICU) from the public and private network of the State of Sergipe. All adult patients were included, provided they had a minimum length of stay of 24 hours in the unit. The primary outcome was death. Secondary outcomes were dialysis, pressure injury, Acute Kidney Injury, need for invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, infection, and length of hospital stay. Results Of the 432 patients, there was a predominance of death in male patients, older and coming from the emergency unit. The presence of heart failure, creatinine values >1.5 mg/dL at admission, diabetes mellitus, liver disease and smoking were also associated with the death outcome. As for the other predictors, the longest hospital stay, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Simplified Acute Physiology (SAPS 3) and Nursing Activities Score (NAS) scores, in addition to the use of noradrenaline, stand out. The use of fentanyl was associated with increased survival time and the overall median survival time was 28 days. Conclusion The mortality predictors of patients admitted to the ICU in Sergipe were longer length of stay; the highest SOFA, SAPS-3 and NAS scores; creatinine >1.5mg/dl on admission; use of vasopressor drugs and the need for dialysis.

Are patient volume and care level in teaching hospitals variables affecting clinical outcomes in adult intensive care units?

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of teaching (HI) and nonteaching (without an academic affiliation; H2) hospitals. Methods In this prospective cohort study, adult patients hospitalized between August 2018 and July 2019, with a minimum length of stay of 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were included. Patients with no essential information in their medical records to evaluate the study outcomes were excluded. Results Overall, 219 patients participated in this study. The clinical and demographic characteristics of patients in H1 and H2 were similar. The most prevalent clinical outcomes were death, need for dialysis, pressure injury, length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation >48 hours, and infection, all of which were more prevalent in the teaching hospital. Conclusion Worse outcomes were more prevalent in the teaching hospital. There was no difference between the institutions concerning the survival rate of patients as a function of length of hospital stay; however, a difference was observed in intensive care unit admissions.

Educational Nursing Intervention in Reducing Hospital Readmission and the Mortality of Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) represents a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality, increased consumption of health resources, prolonged hospitalization, and frequent readmissions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing educational intervention using home visits (HV) combined with telephone contact in reducing hospital readmission and the mortality of patients with HF. (2) Methods: This is systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The databases used were CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed and SciELO. A gray literature search included Google Scholar, OpenThesis, Clinical trials and reference lists of eligible studies. RCTs of patients diagnosed with HF were included, distributed between the control group (CG) and intervention (IG), in which the IG was submitted to the nursing intervention with HV and telephone contact in association and analyzed the result of readmission and mortality. (3) Results: The search resulted in 2528 articles and, after following steps, 11 remained for final analysis. A total of 1417 patients were analyzed and distributed: 683 in the IG and 734 in the CG. As a primary outcome, the meta-analysis identified a 36% reduction in the risk of readmission [RR 0.64, 95% CI, 0.54−0.75, p < 0.01] and a 35% reduction in mortality in the IG [RR 0.65, 95% CI, 0.50−0.85, p < 0.01]. Heterogeneity was moderate for readmission and homogeneous for mortality. (4) Conclusions: HV and telephone contact are an effective intervention strategy for nurses' educational practice.

Long-Term Outcomes in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: The presence of focal lesion (FL) after a severe traumatic brain injury is an important factor in determining morbidity and mortality. Despite this relevance, few studies show the pattern of recovery of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with FL within one year. The objective of this study was to identify the pattern of recovery, independence to perform activities of daily living (ADL), and factors associated with mortality and unfavorable outcome at six and twelve months after severe TBI with FL. METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective cohort, with data collected at admission, hospital discharge, three, six, and twelve months after TBI. RESULTS: The study included 131 adults with a mean age of 34.08 years. At twelve months, 39% of the participants died, 80% were functionally independent by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, 79% by the Disability Rating Scale, 79% were independent for performing ADLs by the Katz Index, and 53.9% by the Lawton Scale. Report of alcohol intake, sedation time, length of stay in intensive care (ICU LOS), Glasgow Coma Scale, trauma severity indices, hyperglycemia, blood glucose, and infection were associated with death. At six and twelve months, tachypnea, age, ICU LOS, trauma severity indices, respiratory rate, multiple radiographic injuries, and cardiac rate were associated with dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Patients have satisfactory functional recovery up to twelve months after trauma, with an accentuated improvement in the first three months. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were associated with post-trauma outcomes. Almost all victims of severe TBI with focal lesions evolved to death or independence.

Is testicular microdissection the only way to retrieve sperm for non-obstructive azoospermic men?

Men presenting with non-obstructive azoospermia are the most challenging clinical scenario for an infertile couple. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) with testicular sperm retrieval gave a chance for biological fatherhood once sperm can be found, but unfortunately sperm recovery rate (SSR) is something near 50%, leading to a discussion about what surgical retrieval technique is the best. Historically sperm have been retrieved using conventional Testicular Sperm Extraction (c-TESE), Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA), a combination of Testicular Fine Needle Aspiration (TfNA)/c-TESE, Testicular Microdissection (TM) and Open Testicular Mapping (OTEM). c-TESE published in 1995 by Devroey and cols. consists of testis delivery, a large unique albuginea incision and extraction of a portion from the majority of testicular tubules. TESA published in 1996 by Lewin and cols. is done percutaneously using a 21-23 gauge needle and a syringe to aspire testicular tubules. TfNA was published in 1965 by Obrant and Persson as an aspiration biopsy and cytological exam to verify sperm production. In 1999 Turek and cols. published the use of TfNA combined with c-TESE for sperm retrieval. In 1999, Peter Schlegel published a technique using a microsurgical approach to identify more probable sperm production areas inside the testicle that could be excised with better precision and less tissue. OTEM is a multiple biopsy approach, published in 2020 by Vieira and cols., based on TfNA principles but done at the same time without albuginea opening or surgical microscope need. Since Testicular Microdissection publication, the method became the gold standard for sperm retrieval, allowing superior SSR with minimal tissue removal, but the amount of testicular dissection to find more probable spermatogenesis areas, difficulties in comparative design studies, diversity TM results among doctors and other methods that can achieve very similar results we question TM superiority. The objective is review existing literature and discuss advantages and disadvantages of all the methods for sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia.

Prognostic Models in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This review aimed to analyze the results of investigations that performed external validation or that compared prognostic models to identify the models and their variations that showed the best performance in predicting mortality, survival, and unfavorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, TROVE, and Open Grey databases were searched. A total of 1616 studies were identified and screened, and 15 studies were subsequently included for analysis after applying the selection criteria. The Corticosteroid Randomization After Significant Head Injury (CRASH) and International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury (IMPACT) models were the most externally validated among studies of severe traumatic brain injury. The results of the review showed that most publications encountered an area under the curve ≥ 0.70. The area under the curve meta-analysis showed similarity between the CRASH and IMPACT models and their variations for predicting mortality and unfavorable outcomes. Calibration results showed that the variations of CRASH and IMPACT models demonstrated adequate calibration in most studies for both outcomes, but without a clear indication of uncertainties in the evaluations of these models. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the choice of prognostic models for clinical application may depend on the availability of predictors, characteristics of the population, and trauma care services.

Factors associated with reoperation due to bleeding and outcomes after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the incidence and factors associated with reoperation due to bleeding in the postoperative of a cardiac surgery, in addition to the clinical outcomes of patients. METHOD: Prospective cohort study, conducted in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients diagnosed with coagulopathies were excluded. The patients were followed up from hospitalization to hospital discharge. RESULTS: A total of 682 patients were included, and the incidence of reoperation was 3.4%. The factors associated with reoperation were history of renal failure (p = 0.005), previous use of anticoagulant (p = 0.036), higher intraoperative heart rate (p = 0.015), need for transfusion of blood component during intraoperative (p = 0.040), and higher SAPS 3 score (p < 0.001). The outcomes associated with reoperation were stroke and cardiac arrest. CONCLUSÃO: Reoperation was an event associated with greater severity, organic dysfunction, and worse clinical outcomes, but there was no difference in mortality between the groups.

Factors associated with reoperation due to bleeding and outcomes after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study / Factores asociados con la reintervención por sangrado y desenlaces después de cirugía cardiaca: un estudio de cohorte prospectivo / Fatores associados à reoperação por sangramento e desfechos após cirurgia cardíaca: estudo de coorte prospectivo

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the incidence and factors associated with reoperation due to bleeding in the postoperative of a cardiac surgery, in addition to the clinical outcomes of patients. Method: Prospective cohort study, conducted in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients diagnosed with coagulopathies were excluded. The patients were followed up from hospitalization to hospital discharge. Results: A total of 682 patients were included, and the incidence of reoperation was 3.4%. The factors associated with reoperation were history of renal failure (p = 0.005), previous use of anticoagulant (p = 0.036), higher intraoperative heart rate (p = 0.015), need for transfusion of blood component during intraoperative (p = 0.040), and higher SAPS 3 score (p < 0.001). The outcomes associated with reoperation were stroke and cardiac arrest. Conclusão: Reoperation was an event associated with greater severity, organic dysfunction, and worse clinical outcomes, but there was no difference in mortality between the groups.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la incidencia y los factores asociados con la reintervención por sangrado en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca, además de los resultados clínicos de los pacientes. Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo, realizado en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, con pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía cardiaca. Se excluyeron a los pacientes con diagnóstico de coagulopatías. Los pacientes tuvieron un seguimiento efectuado desde el ingreso hasta el alta hospitalaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 682 pacientes, y la incidencia de reintervención fue del 3,4%. Los factores asociados a la reintervención fueron antecedentes de insuficiencia renal (p = 0,005), uso previo de anticoagulante (p = 0,036), mayor frecuencia cardiaca intraoperatoria (p = 0,015), necesidad de transfusión de hemocomponentes en el intraoperatorio (p = 0,040) y mayor puntaje en SAPS 3 (p < 0,001). Los desenlaces asociados con la reintervención fueron accidente cerebrovascular y paro cardiorrespiratorio. Conclusión: La reintervención fue un evento asociado con mayor gravedad, disfunción orgánica y peores desenlaces clínicos, pero no hubo diferencia en la mortalidad entre los grupos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a incidência e os fatores associados à reoperação devido sangramento no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, além dos desfechos clínicos dos pacientes. Método: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), com pacientes adultos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Foram excluídos pacientes com diagnóstico de coagulopatias. Os pacientes foram acompanhados desde a internação até a saída hospitalar. Resultados: Foram incluídos 682 pacientes e a incidência de reoperação foi 3,4 %. Os fatores associados à reoperação foram: histórico de insuficiência renal (p = 0,005), uso prévio de anticoagulante (p = 0,036), maior frequência cardíaca intraoperatória (p = 0,015), necessidade de transfusão de hemocomponentes no intraoperatório (p = 0,040) e maior pontuação no SAPS 3 (p < 0,001). Os desfechos associados a reoperação foram: acidente vascular encefálico e parada cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: A reoperação foi um evento associado a maior gravidade, disfunção orgânica, e piores desfechos clínicos, porém não houve diferença de mortalidade entre os grupos.

Predictive capacity of prognostic scores for kidney injury, dialysis, and death in intensive care units.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the capacity of Charlson, SAPS 3 and SOFA scores to predict acute kidney injury, need for dialysis, and death in intensive care unit patients. METHOD: Prospective cohort, with 432 individuals admitted to four intensive care units. Clinical characteristics at admission, severity profile, and intensity of care were analyzed using association and correlation tests. The scores sensitivity and specificity were assessed using the ROC curve. RESULTS: The results show that patients with acute kidney injury were older (65[27] years vs. 60[25] years, p = 0.019) and mostly are from the emergency department (57.9% vs. 38.0 %, p < 0.001), when compared to those in the group without acute kidney injury. For dialysis prediction, the results of SAPS 3 and SOFA were AUC: 0.590; 95%CI: 0.507-0.674; p-value: 0.032 and AUC: 0.667; 95%CI: 0.591-0.743; p-value: 0.000, respectively. All scores performed well for death. CONCLUSION: The prognostic scores showed good capacity to predict acute kidney injury, dialysis, and death. Charlson Comorbidity Index showed good predictive capacity for acute kidney injury and death; however, it did not perform well for the need for dialysis.

Access to Reperfusion Therapy and Mortality in Women with ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: VICTIM Register. / Acesso à Terapia de Reperfusão e Mortalidade em Mulheres com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST: Registro VICTIM.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial reperfusion is a fundamental part of the treatment for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is responsible for reducing morbidity and mortality in affected patients. However, reperfusion rates are usually lower and mortality rates higher in women compared to men. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of the use of reperfusion therapies among women and men with STEMI in hospitals where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is available in the state of Sergipe. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the VICTIM Register. Patients diagnosed with STEMI admitted to the four hospitals (one public and three private) where PCI is available in the state of Sergipe were evaluated, from December 2014 to June 2018. A multivariate analysis with adjusted model using mortality as a dependent variable was made. In all analyses, the level of significance adopted was 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 878 volunteers with a confirmed diagnosis of STEMI, of which 33.4% were women, were included in the study. Only 53.3% of the patients underwent myocardial reperfusion (134 women versus 334 men). Fibrinolysis was performed only in 2.3% of all patients (1.7% of women versus 2.6% of men; p = 0.422). The rate of primary PCI was lower (44% versus 54.5%; p = 0.003) and hospital mortality was higher (16.1% versus 6.7%; p < 0.001) in women than in men. CONCLUSION: Women have significantly lower rates of primary PCI and higher hospital mortality. Reperfusion rates were low in both sexes and there was a clear underutilization of thrombolytic agents.

FUNDAMENTO: A reperfusão miocárdica é parte fundamental do tratamento para infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCSST) e é responsável por reduzir morbimortalidade no paciente acometido. No entanto, as taxas de reperfusão são geralmente mais baixas e as taxas de mortalidade mais altas em mulheres que em homens. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência do uso de terapias de reperfusão em mulheres e homens com IAMCSST nos hospitais com capacidade para realizar intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP) no estado de Sergipe. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Registro VICTIM. Foram avaliados pacientes com diagnóstico de IAMCSST admitidos nos quatro hospitais com capacidade para realizar ICP no estado de Sergipe, sendo um público e três privados, no período de dezembro de 2014 a junho de 2018. Foi aplicada análise multivariada com modelo ajustado utilizando mortalidade como variável dependente. Em todas as análises, o nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 878 voluntários com diagnóstico confirmado de IAMCSST, dos quais 33,4% eram mulheres. Apenas 53,3% dos pacientes foram submetidos à reperfusão miocárdica (134 mulheres versus 334 homens). A fibrinólise foi realizada somente em 2,3% de todos os pacientes (1,7% das mulheres versus 2,6% dos homens; p=0,422). Nas mulheres, a taxa de ICP primária foi menor (44% versus 54,5%; p=0,003) e a mortalidade hospitalar foi maior (16,1% versus 6,7%; p<0,001) que nos homens. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres apresentam taxas significativamente menores de ICP primária e significativamente maiores de mortalidade hospitalar que os homens. A taxa de reperfusão em ambos os gêneros foi baixa e houve nítida subutilização de agentes trombolíticos.

Acesso à Terapia de Reperfusão e Mortalidade em Mulheres com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST: Registro VICTIM / Access to Reperfusion Therapy and Mortality in Women with ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: VICTIM Register

Resumo Fundamento: A reperfusão miocárdica é parte fundamental do tratamento para infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCSST) e é responsável por reduzir morbimortalidade no paciente acometido. No entanto, as taxas de reperfusão são geralmente mais baixas e as taxas de mortalidade mais altas em mulheres que em homens. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência do uso de terapias de reperfusão em mulheres e homens com IAMCSST nos hospitais com capacidade para realizar intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP) no estado de Sergipe. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Registro VICTIM. Foram avaliados pacientes com diagnóstico de IAMCSST admitidos nos quatro hospitais com capacidade para realizar ICP no estado de Sergipe, sendo um público e três privados, no período de dezembro de 2014 a junho de 2018. Foi aplicada análise multivariada com modelo ajustado utilizando mortalidade como variável dependente. Em todas as análises, o nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos 878 voluntários com diagnóstico confirmado de IAMCSST, dos quais 33,4% eram mulheres. Apenas 53,3% dos pacientes foram submetidos à reperfusão miocárdica (134 mulheres versus 334 homens). A fibrinólise foi realizada somente em 2,3% de todos os pacientes (1,7% das mulheres versus 2,6% dos homens; p=0,422). Nas mulheres, a taxa de ICP primária foi menor (44% versus 54,5%; p=0,003) e a mortalidade hospitalar foi maior (16,1% versus 6,7%; p<0,001) que nos homens. Conclusão: As mulheres apresentam taxas significativamente menores de ICP primária e significativamente maiores de mortalidade hospitalar que os homens. A taxa de reperfusão em ambos os gêneros foi baixa e houve nítida subutilização de agentes trombolíticos.

Abstract Background: Myocardial reperfusion is a fundamental part of the treatment for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is responsible for reducing morbidity and mortality in affected patients. However, reperfusion rates are usually lower and mortality rates higher in women compared to men. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of the use of reperfusion therapies among women and men with STEMI in hospitals where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is available in the state of Sergipe. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the VICTIM Register. Patients diagnosed with STEMI admitted to the four hospitals (one public and three private) where PCI is available in the state of Sergipe were evaluated, from December 2014 to June 2018. A multivariate analysis with adjusted model using mortality as a dependent variable was made. In all analyses, the level of significance adopted was 5% (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 878 volunteers with a confirmed diagnosis of STEMI, of which 33.4% were women, were included in the study. Only 53.3% of the patients underwent myocardial reperfusion (134 women versus 334 men). Fibrinolysis was performed only in 2.3% of all patients (1.7% of women versus 2.6% of men; p = 0.422). The rate of primary PCI was lower (44% versus 54.5%; p = 0.003) and hospital mortality was higher (16.1% versus 6.7%; p < 0.001) in women than in men. Conclusion: Women have significantly lower rates of primary PCI and higher hospital mortality. Reperfusion rates were low in both sexes and there was a clear underutilization of thrombolytic agents.

Analgesic effect of music during wound care among patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures: Randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Evidence is scarce regarding the analgesic effect of music for the relief of acute pain during the care of surgical tibial fracture wounds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effect of music on acute procedural pain during the care of surgical tibial fracture wounds. METHOD: This was a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial with 70 patients in the immediate postoperative period for diaphyseal tibial fracture surgery. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: a control group (CG), in which patients received only the institution's standard analgesia, and an intervention group (IG) composed of patients receiving a 30-min session of music of their own choice, as a complementary method to the institution's standard analgesia. Pain was evaluated during the first postoperative dressing change, using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). RESULTS: The sample was homogeneously composed of men (91.4%), young adults (61.4%), without previous diseases (88.6%) and whose traumas were related to a motorcycle crash (84.3%). The main musical genres chosen by participants were the most popular in their region (61.4%). Those who listened to music presented lower pain scores when compared with those in the CG (IG:2.4 ± 2.4 versus CG:5.8 ± 2.7; p < 0.001; η2  = 0.171; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Listening to music is effective for relieving acute procedural pain during the first post-operative tibial fracture dressing change. Music should be incorporated into the multimodal analgesia protocols for management of orthopedic postoperative wound care-related pain. SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures that listened to music before and during the wound dressing change showed less pain when compared to those who received the standardized pharmacologic analgesia alone.

Lockdown as an Intervention Measure to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19: a modeling study.

INTRODUCTION: This work aims to develop a biomathematical transmission model of COVID-19, in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, to estimate the distribution of cases over time and project the impact on the spread of the epidemic outbreak due to interventions and control measures over the local population. METHODS: This is an epidemiological mathematical modeling study conducted to analyze the dynamics of the accumulated cases of COVID-19, which used a logistic growth model that adds a term of withdrawal of individuals as a control measure. Three possible COVID-19 propagation scenarios were simulated based on three different rates of withdrawal of individuals. They were adjusted with real data of the infected and measures of control over the population. RESULTS: The lockdown would be the best scenario, with a lower incidence of infected people, when compared to the other measures. The number of infected people would grow slowly over the months, and the number of symptomatic individuals in this scenario would be 40,265 cases. We noticed that the State of Sergipe is still in the initial stage of the disease in the scenarios. It was possible to observe that the peak of cases and the equilibrium, in the current situation of social isolation, will occur when reaching the new support capacity, at the end of August in approximately 1,171,353 infected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: We established that lockdown is the intervention with the highest ability to mitigate the spread of the virus among the population.

Mortality Predictors and Associated Factors in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been associated to an array of risk factors. Identification of risk factors potentially contribute to predict and reduce mortality rates in the ICU. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with the mortality and to analyze the survival. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted in two clinical and surgical ICU in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. We enrolled 316 patients with at least 48 h of hospitalization, minimum age of 18 years old, sedated or weaned, with RASS ≥ -3, between July 2017 and April 2018. We categorized data in (1) age and gender, (2) clinical condition, and (3) prevalence of delirium. Data from enrolled patients were collected from enrollment until death or ICU discharge. Patients' outcomes were categorized in (1) death and (2) nondeath (discharge). RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of participants died. Age (53 ± 17 years vs. 45 ± 18 years, p < 0.01), electrolyte disturbance (30.3% vs 18.1%, p=0.029), glycemic index (33.3% vs 18.2%, p=0.008), tube feeding (83.3% vs 67.1%, p=0.01), mechanical ventilation (50% vs 35.7%, p=0.035), sedation with fentanyl (24.2 vs 13.6, p=0.035), use of insulin (33.8% vs 21.7%, p=0.042), and higher Charlson score (2.61 vs 2.17, p=0.041) were significantly associated with death on the adjusted model. However, the regression model indicated that patients admitted from the emergency (HR = 0.40, p=0.006) and glycemic index alterations (HR = 1.68, p=0.047) were associated with mortality. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.540) in survival between patients with and without delirium, based on the survival analysis and length of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of death was 21%, and age, electrolyte disturbance, glycemic index, tube feeding, mechanical ventilation, sedation with fentanyl, use of insulin, and higher Charlson score were associated with mortality.